Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 10.

Why is it that many teenagers have the energy to play computer games until late at night but can’t find the energy to get out of bed (1)_______ for school? According to a new report, today’s generation of children are in danger of getting so (2)________ sleep that they are putting their mental and physical health at (3)________. Adults can easily survive on seven to eight hours’ sleep a night, (4)________ teenagers require nine or ten hours. According to medical experts, one in five youngsters (5)_________ anything between two and five hours’ sleep a night less than their parents did at their age.

This (6)_________ serious questions about whether lack of sleep is affecting children’s ability to concentrate at school. The connection between sleep deprivation and lapses in memory, impaired reaction time and poor concentration is well (7)_________. Research has shown that losing as little as half an hour’s sleep a night can have profound effects (8)________ how children perform the next day. A good night’s sleep is also crucial for teenagers because it is while they are asleep (9)________ they release a hormone that is essential for their ‘growth spurt’ (the period during teenage years when the body grows at a rapid rate). It’s true that they can, to some (10)________, catch up on sleep at weekends, but that won’t help them when they are dropping off to sleep in class on a Friday afternoon.

		By Tim Falla and Paul A. Davies. Solutions Advanced. OUP
Question 1: A. behind time	B. in time	C. at time	D. about time
Question 2: A. less	B. much	C. little	D. few
Question 3: A. danger	B. threat	C. risk	D. jeopardy
Question 4: A. whereas	B. or	C. because	D. so
Question 5: A. gets	B. makes	C. puts	D. brings
Question 6: A. comes	B. raises	C. results	D. rises
Question 7: A. established	B. acquired	C. arranged	D. organized
Question 8: A. in	B. on	C. at	D. to
Question 9: A. at which	B. that	C. where	D. which
Question 10: A. point	B. rate	C. level	D. extent

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

Question 11: Now many people who shop at a health food store instead of a local supermarket are much more likely to find a healthy, sugar-free beverage.

harmful to health

beneficial to health

full of preservatives

convenient to prepare

Question 12: Thanks to the invention of the microscope, biologists can now gain insights into the nature of the

human cell.

far-sighted views

in-depth studies

spectacular sightings

deep understanding

Question 13: Dozens of applicants showed up for the vacant position, but only a handful of them were shortlisted for the interview.

small number B. class C. small amount D. hand

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Question 14: Even though the mountain was very steep and the climb was hazardous, several adventurous tourists managed to reach the top.

bringing excitement
costing a lot of money

resulting in depression
causing a lot of risks

Question 15: Just like hearing infants who start first with simple syllable babbling, then put more syllables together to sound like real sentences and questions, deaf babies follow the same pattern.

obedient to parents B. physically abnormal C. hard of hearing D. able to hear

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 16 to 25.

The ability to conduct electricity is one of the key properties of a metal. Other solid materials such as silicon can conduct electricity but only effectively at certain temperatures. Also, some substances such as salt (sodium chloride) can conduct when molten or when dissolved in water. The ability of metals to conduct electricity is due to how their atoms bond together. In order to bond together the metal atoms lose at least one of their outermost electrons. This leaves the metal atoms with a positive charge and they are now strictly ions. The lost electrons are free to move in what is known as a sea of electrons. Since the electrons are negatively charged they attract the ions and this is what keeps the structure together.

An electric current is a flow of charge and since the electrons in the sea of electrons are free to move they can be made to flow in one direction when a source of electrical energy such as a battery is connected to the metal. Hence we have an electric current flowing through the wire, and this is what makes metals such good conductors of electricity. The only other common solid conducting material that pencil users are likely to encounter is graphite (what the ‘lead’ of a pencil is made from). Graphite is a form of carbon and again the carbon atoms bond in such a way that there is a sea of electrons that can be made to flow as an electric current. Likewise, if we have an ionic substance like salt we can make the electrically charged ions flow to create a current but only when those ions are free to move, either when the substance is a liquid or dissolved in water. In its solid state an ionic substance like salt cannot conduct electricity as its charged ions cannot flow.

Electrical insulators are substances that cannot conduct electricity well either, because they contain no charged particles or any charged particles they might contain do not flow easily. Water itself is a poor conductor of electricity as it does not contain a significant amount of fully charged particles (the ends of a water molecule are partly charged but overall the molecule is neutral). However, most water we encounter does contain dissolved charged particles, so it will be more conductive than pure water. Many of the problems that occur when touching electrical devices with wet hands result from the ever-present salt that is left on our skin through perspiration and it dissolves in the water to make it more conductive.

By Helena Gillespie and Rob Gillespie. Science for Primary School Teachers. OUP

Question 16: Electrical conductivity is ______.

completely impossible for silicon
one of the key properties of most solid materials
impossible for any substance when it is dissolved in water D. one of the most important properties of metals

Question 17: According to the passage, a metal can conduct electricity due to ______.

the absence of free electrons
the loss of one electron in the core of its atoms
the way its atoms bond together
its atoms with a positive charge

Question 18: The word “outermost” in paragraph 1 mostly means ______.


A. nearest to the inside		B. furthest from the inside
C. the heaviest		D. the lightest

Question 19: The atoms of a metal can bond together because ______.

electrons can flow in a single direction
the lost electrons cannot move freely in the sea of electrons
they lose all of their electrons
negatively charged electrons attract positive ions

Question 20: Salt in its solid state is not able to conduct electricity because ______.

A. it has free electrons			B. its charged ions are not free to move
C. its charged ions can flow easily			D. it cannot create any charged ions
Question 21: The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. electrical insulators			B. electric currents
C. charged particles			D. charged ions

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Question 22: Water is a poor conductor because it contains ______.

only a small amount of fully charged particles
only a positive electric charge
no positive or negative electric charge
only a negative electric charge

Question 23: We can have problems when touching electrical devices with wet hands because ______. A. the water dissolves the salt on our skin and becomes more conductive

the water contains too many neutral molecules
the water containing no charged particles makes it more conductive D. the water itself is a good conductor of electricity

Question 24: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

Salt can conduct electricity when it is molten or dissolved.
Some materials are more conductive than others.
Graphite is a common solid substance that can conduct electricity.
Pure water is much more conductive than most water we encounter every day.

Question 25: Which of the following could best serve as the title of the passage?

Electrical Devices
Electrical Insulators

Electrical Energy
Electrical Conductivity

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Question 26: I could hear voices but I couldn’t ______ what they were saying.
A. bring about	B. turn up	C. make out	D. try out
Question 27: ______ he got top marks at high school, he never went to university.			D. Meanwhile
A. Nevertheless	B. Despite	C. Although	D. Meanwhile
Question 28: Applications _____ in after 30^th April will not be considered.
A. send	B. sent	C. which sent	D. that is sent
Question 29: Sammy had worked in England for a year ______ moving to Scotland.
A. until	B. once	C. before	D. while
Question 30: The girl was used ______ birthday presents from her brothers.
A. to being received	B. to receiving	C. to be receiving	D. to receive
Question 31: ______ always gives me real pleasure.
A. While arranging flowers		B. Arranging flowers
C. The flowers are arranged		D. I arrange flowers
Question 32: The theory of relativity ______ by Einstein, who was a famous physicist.
A. was developed	B. developed	C. is developed	D. develops
Question 33: ______ was the tea that we couldn’t drink it.
A. So strong	B. No longer	C. How strong	D. Hardly ever
Question 34: Kay: “I wouldn’t do that if I were you.”
John: “______”
A. Wouldn’t you? Why?		B. It’s out of the question.
C. Would you, really?		D. I’d rather you didn’t.
Question 35: The higher the content of carbon dioxide in the air is, ______.
A. the more heat it retains		B. the heat it retains more
C. it retains the more heat		D. more heat it retains

Question 36: Be sure not to rely too ______ on your mother tongue when you are learning a foreign language.

A. heavily	B. numerously	C. severely	D. abundantly
Question 37: Mary: “The hat’s so beautiful. Thanks.”
Tony: “________”
A. The same to you!	B. Great idea!	C. Lucky you!	D. I’m glad you like it.
Question 38: In our team, no person ______ John could finish this tough task in such a short time.
A. including	B. other than	C. outside	D. rather than
Question 39: “It’s about time you ______ your homework, Mary.”
A. will do	B. do	C. must do	D. did
Question 40: ______ a few more minutes, we could have finished the task.
A. If we had	B. Unless we had	C. If we have	D. If we had had

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Question 41: Do you remember ______ to help us when we were in difficulty?
A. once offering	B. to offer	C. being offered	D. you offer
Question 42: Lucy: “You look really nice in that red sweater!”
Sue: “______”
A. How dare you?	B. I’m afraid so.	C. Thank you.	D. Don’t mention it.
Question 43: Communities in remote areas are extremely _____ to famine if crops fail.
A. vulnerable	B. disappointed	C. defenseless	D. helpless
Question 44: Tom hasn’t completed the work yet and Maria hasn’t ______.
A. neither	B. either	C. also	D. too
Question 45: We could have caught the last train, but we ______ five minutes late.
A. would be	B. have been	C. are	D. were

Question 46: The superstar, accompanied by the other members of the band, ______ to visit our school next week.

are going

has had

is going

Question 47:

We received a call from the teacher ______ charge of our course. B. in C. at

Question 48: In my apartment there are two rooms, ______ is used as the living-room.

the largest one B. the large one
the largest of which D. the larger of which

Question 49: Mrs. Chau has managed the department ______ that she’ll be promoted next month.

very successful B. so successfully C. too successful D. too successfully

Question 50:

what

We hoped ______ they would come and give us new lectures. B. that C. which

when

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the sentence that is CLOSEST in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following questions.

Question 51: It’s difficult for me to understand what he implies.

What he implies is not very difficult to understand.
Understanding what he implies is found difficult.
I find it difficult to understand what he really means.
To understand what he really means is difficult to find.

Question 52: There is no question of changing my mind about resigning.

Nobody knows about my decision on resigning.
I certainly won’t change my mind about resigning.
They asked me no question about resigning.
I should have changed my mind about resigning.

Question 53: John said, “You’d better not lend them any money, Daisy.” A. John ordered Daisy not to lend them any money.

John commanded Daisy not to lend them any money.
John advised Daisy not to lend them any money.
John asked Daisy if she had lent them any money.

Question 54: I had two job offers upon graduation, neither of which was appropriate for my qualifications.

Though I wasn’t qualified enough, two jobs were offered to me upon graduation.
The two jobs offered to me after my graduation didn’t suit my qualifications.

I was offered two jobs soon after my graduation, both of which were suitable for my qualifications.
Both of the job offers I had prior to my graduation were appropriate for my qualifications.

Question 55: I forgot to lock the door before leaving.

I remembered that I left the door locked before going out.
I didn’t remember whether I locked the door before leaving.
I left without remembering to lock the door.
I locked the door before leaving, but I forgot about it.

Question 56: They arrived too late to get good seats.

Although they were late, they found some good seats.
They got good seats some time after they arrived.

As they got there too late, there were no good seats left.
They had to stand for the whole show.

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Question 57: It was only when I left home that I realized how much my family meant to me.

Before I left home, I realized how much my family meant to me.
As soon as I left home, I found out what a family could do without.
Not until I left home did I realize how much my family meant to me.
I left home and didn’t realize how meaningful my family was.

Question 58: When there is so much traffic on the roads, it is sometimes quicker to walk than to go by car.

It is faster to walk than to drive in the heavy traffic at certain time of the day.
During rush hours, walking gives me much more pleasure than driving in the heavy traffic.
There is so much traffic these days that it is more pleasant to walk than to drive.

The traffic is always so heavy that you’d better walk to work; it’s quicker.

Question 59: “Get out of my car or I’ll call the police!” Jane shouted to the strange man.

Jane politely told the man she would call the police if he didn’t leave her car.
Jane informed the strange man that she would call the police.
Jane threatened to call the police if the man didn’t leave her car.
Jane plainly said that she would call the police.

Question 60: This village is inaccessible in winter due to heavy snow.

Nobody likes to come to this village in winter because of heavy snow.
We have no difficulty reaching this village in winter because of heavy snow.
We cannot gain permission to this village in winter because of heavy snow.

Heavy snow makes it impossible to reach the village in winter.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 61 to 70.

A radio telescope is a radio receiver that “sees” radio waves. Unlike a normal telescope, which sees light, a radio telescope is used primarily in the area of astronomy because it can detect radio waves that are emitted by celestial objects. Such objects in space, also called radio objects, can be things such as hot gas, electrons, and wavelengths given off by different atoms and molecules.

The first radio telescope was invented by Grote Reber in 1937. He was an American who graduated with a degree in engineering. He went on to work as an amateur radio operator and later decided to try to build his own radio telescope in his backyard. Reber’s first two radio receivers failed to pick up any signals from outer space, but in 1938, his third radio telescope successfully picked up radio waves from space.

A radio telescope consists of a large parabolic-shaped dish antenna or a combination of two or more. The significance of the parabolic shape allows for the incoming radio waves to be concentrated on one focal point, allowing the signals to be picked up as strongly as possible. A larger dish means that more signals can be received and focalized.

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, the largest radio telescope of the time was invented with a seventy-six-meter telescope although larger telescopes have been made since then. The largest current radio telescope in the world is the RATAN-600 in Russia, whose diameter is 576 meters. It has provided valuable feedback of the sun’s radio wavelengths and atmosphere. The largest radio telescope in Europe is a 100-meter diameter telescope in Germany, and the largest radio telescope in the United States is the Big Ear in the state of Ohio. The largest array of telescopes is the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope in India.

Radio telescopes have provided scientists with valuable information about our universe. One of the most important functions of radio telescopes is their ability to allow scientists to track different space probes, the unmanned space missions in outer space. Radio telescopes allow for the travel of space probes into places like the surface of Mars that are too dangerous for men to explore. Without radio wave technology, scientists would not know much of what inhabits the universe nor would they be able to see it. Radio waves are our eyes and ears in outer space.

By Timothy Hall, Arthur H. Milch and Denise McCormach. How to Master skills for the TOEFL iBT

Question 61: According to the passage, a radio telescope enables the detection of ______.

creatures that inhabit celestial objects B. shapes and sizes of celestial objects
normal light of celestial objects D. radio waves sent out by celestial objects

Question 62: According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true about Grote Reber EXCEPT that ______.

he was an inventor B. he was an amateur radio operator C. he was an engineer D. he was an astronomer

Question 63: Grote Reber’s idea to develop a radio telescope was not successful until ______.

he picked up signals from outer space B. he graduated from an engineering school
he experimented on the third one D. he first built one in his backyard

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Question 64:

send

The verb “pick up” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______. B. lift C. receive

select

Question 65: According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A larger dish antenna helps a radio telescope produce better results.
The Big Ear in the United States produces the largest array of telescopes.
The pattern of radio waves received by radio telescopes is significant.
The largest radio telescope of all time is the one with a seventy-six-meter diameter.

Question 66: The word “current” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. existing	B.	moving	C. electricity flow	D. water movement
Question 67: The word “they” in paragraph 5 refers to ______.
A. places	B. radio waves		C. scientists	D. eyes and ears

Question 68: Radio waves are scientists’ eyes and ears in outer space because ______.

they can recognize who dominates the universe
they help to track only manned space missions in space
they allow them to travel to such dangerous places as Mars D. they can help them understand more about the universe

Question 69: The focus of discussion in the passage is ______.

radio waves B. radio telescopes
radio operators D. atoms and molecules

Question 70: Originally, this passage was probably published in ______.

a business journal B. a fashion magazine
a scientific journal D. a book on environment

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

Question 71: A. conventional	B. preservative	C. reliable	D. intellectual
Question 72: A. environment	B. superstition	C. technology	D. predominance
Question 73: A. computer	B. customer	C. property	D. energy
Question 74: A. decisive	B. popular	C. impatient	D. observant
Question 75: A. occur	B. struggle	C. enlarge	D. survive